Аграрный вестник Урала № 04 (158) 2017

Биология и биотехнологии

GROWTH OF YOUNG CATTLE IN THE NORTHERN CONDITIONS

 In the development plan for cattle breeding in theRepublic of Sakha (Yakutia) there is a task to go in for meat cattle breeding,i. e. delivery of meat breeds of the cattle and their cultivation. In 1960–1970 quitelarge-scale scientific and economic experiments on industrial crossing wereconducted for improvement of meat efficiency of local Simmental and Kholmogorbreeds. The materials received as the result of research and productionexperience on heifers and calves are presented in the article. The purpose wasto study optimum levels of concentration of exchange energy, nutrients of adiet of cows for growth and development of young growth. The chemicalcomposition of forages has been investigated in laboratory of biochemistry andthe mass analysis of the Yakut RIA by the standard technique. The gain of livemass of young growth was determined by monthly weighing by the age periods: at birth,at 3, 6 and 9 months in the morning before feeding. The diet of heifersconsisted of hay – 10.0 kg, cryostern – 8.1 kg and local compound feeds – 0.5kg. The general nutritiousness of the diet was 7.58 EFU. Concentration of EFUin 1 kg of solid was 0.66, digestible protein on 1 EFU – 89.1 g, sugar/proteinratio – 0.57:1. To 6-month age young animals showed average daily gain whichhas reached the maximum sizes, so for calves this characteristic is 718.4 g;for heifers – at the level of 793.4 g. The calculated indexes have shown thatanimals of both groups have the proportional constitution characteristic of thecattle of the meat direction of efficiency. All animals differed incompactness, the best expressiveness of meat forms. Optimum levels ofconcentration of exchange energy and nutrients of diets of heifers haveprovided the normal growth and development of meat of young growth in the ageperiods, confirmed need of cultivation and conformed to requirements ofselection of prospect.

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Keywords:

Hereford breed, lactating cows, diet, metabolizable energy, young, live weight, average daily gain.

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