Аграрный вестник Урала № 04 (96) 2012
Рыбное хозяйствоУДК:597.2/.5
ABOUT DISTRIBUTION EUROPEAN AND SIBIRIAN OF GRAYLING IN URAL
Earlier there was no information about distribution of Graylings in Ural Mountains, both for European and for the Siberian species. In this work for the first time is shown the zone of dwelling European grayling on western spurs of Ural Mountain from the south point to the most northern point. It has appeared that this zone considerably more than at the Siberian grayling and on extent covers about two thousand in kilometers, within 52–68,50 n. a. The greatest number is marked in average and northern Ural Mountains. Thus populations (short cycle ecotype) by quantity (thousand) dominate in the middle of Urals, in northern and polar Ural Mountains above 600 n.a. they aren’t registrated, here are usual long cycle populations of grayling river and lake ecology types. Short cycle grayling E. A. Zinovjev (1967, 1992, 1995, 2005) as well as specificity of each of these ecotypes is in details described. Distribution west Siberian grayling on east slopes of Ural Mountains is similarly characterized. The zone of dwelling of it taxon is much less – with 58 to 68,50 n. a., and in some mountain rivers (Synja, Vojkar etc.) it small in number, and in flat sites of the majority of the rivers (Tavda) doesn’t meet at all. Number increases with northern to polar Ural Mountains. Data about zones of joint dwelling at European and Siberian grayling in the European rivers Kozhim, Kosju, Kara and some near by lakes is especially interesting. The limiting sizes of both species of grayling increase from the south by the north, and European grayling is larger than Siberian (to 2–2,5 kg, Siberian to 1,0–1,5 kg). Grayling, respectively, mature in the southern Urals in the 3–4 years of life, on the northern Urals in 4–5 years and in polar conditions in the 6 or 7 years. The basic obstacle to growth of number grayling in polar conditions is freezing of many rivers.
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