Аграрный вестник Урала № 10 (128) 2014

Агрономия

FIGURES OF WATER REGIME FOR MILD WINTER WHEAT UNDER DIFFERENT GROWING CONDITIONS

In the article these are studied the figures of water regime of the crop (average water content of grain, water deficit, water retention and water absorbing capacity), which are characteristic for the crop in the vegetation period and are able to determine its reaction to effects of stress factors during different stages of organogenesis. Determination of water regime figures was carried out under provocative background of “zasushnik”, simulating drought (30 % of PV and less), simulating optimal humidity (70 % of PV and irrigation) and under natural conditions (50 % of PV and in the field). Determination of parameters of water regime was carried out several times during drought increase in different stages of organogenesis, anthesis and lactic maturity of grain to increase the information content of the obtained results. The higher figures of water regime of wheat growing in the field can be explained by less strict conditions of developing because the moisture content in the soil was 20 % more than during simulation of drought. On the basis of a complex of leaf water regime these are allocated the samples of mild winter wheat, relating to the steppe ecotype and possessing high resistance and adaptability to drought, Don 93, Ermak, Kapitan, Asket, Izuminka. These varieties showed a minimum decrease of total water content of grain (4–10 %), high figures of water retention (60–70 %) and water absorbing capacity (60–100 %) and a small increase of water deficit (4–9 %). These varieties show a high level of drought resistance during different stages of organogenesis that is explained by a quick reaction of their water balance on a change of environmental conditions, revealing of adaptability under stress factors. It gives an opportunity to the varieties of Zernograd selection to endure drought a long time and to form high yields under soil and air stresses.

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Keywords:

wheat, water content of grain, water deficit, water retention and water absorbing capacity

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