Аграрный вестник Урала № 08 (150) 2016
Биология и биотехнологииУДК:630.228:630.114.5
FORMATION OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) DURING THE REMEDIATION OF THE ASH DUMP
The object of research is the ash disposal area № 1 at Reftinskaya power plant with an area of 440 ha. Fuel for power plant is coal, the ash content of which is 47 %. The emissions of the power plant and dust from the ash led to changes in soil conditions and distribution of vegetation under the forest types of Sukholozhskiy forestry, where Reftinskaya plant is located. During the period of operation of the plant the proportion of forest berries groups of forest types and the proportion forb has dramatically decreased. This contributes to improving the bonitet class of forest stands. Reclamation was carried out by imposing on the surface of ash pond soil layer with a thickness of 10–60 cm and planting of forest cultures of a pine. The best results are achieved by planting blocks 500 × 50 m staggered with the layer thickness of 25–40 cm of soil. Between the blocks of forest plantations located blocks of a similar size with the thickness of the soil layer to 10 cm, which the grass mixture is sown. The productivity of forest crops on the ash pond is higher than in clear-cuts. All forest cultures on the ash dump which are older than 10 years characterized by Ia the class of bonitet. In the first years after the establishment of forest plantations the number of species living ground cover is 24 in the above-ground phytomass of 243,4–725.4 kg/ha in dry condition. In 20-year-old artificial plantations the number of species is reduced to 11, and above-ground phytomass – to 12.8 kg/ha. With increasing age of forest cultures in surface cover the proportion of forest species increases, while the proportion of meadow and weed reduce. The latest evidence of creation in the ash dumps reclaimed pine plantations of high-performance and high-efficiency of the forestry rehabilitation strategy.
Keywords:
forest reclamation, pine, forest plantations, artificial stands, live ground cover, ash dump.
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